Detecting fruits in natural scenes by using spatial-frequency based texture analysis and multiview geometry

This paper describes a computer vision based model for object detection that can serve as a preliminary step in fruit prognosis, which involves the estimation of the number, diameter and yield of apple fruits. In order to overcome the recognition unreliability in uncontrolled environments caused by uneven illumination conditions, partly occluded surfaces, and similar background features, we rely on a combination of the object's colour, texture and 3D shape properties. In our research, we apply colour segmentation to multiple scene snapshots to separate potential regions from the background and verify them first with texture analysis and second by reconstructing them to 3D space. By analysing all three distinct features (colour, texture and 3D shape) of possible areas, we can safely conclude if they represent fruits we are looking for. Once we detect and verify all areas representing fruits, we can measure their size and model estimated fruit yield.     

A morphological assessment system for ‘show quality’ bovine livestock based on image analysis

Morphological assessment is one important parameter considered in conservation and improvement programs for bovine livestock. This assessment process consists of scoring an animal based on its morphology and is normally carried out by highly qualified staff. These animals are all of agreed ‘show quality’ and hence they are morphologically very similar.This paper presents a system designed to provide an assessment based on a lateral image of the cow. The system consists of two main parts: a feature extraction stage, to reduce the information on the cow in the image to a set of parameters, and a neural network stage to provide a score based on that set of parameters. For the image analysis section, a model of the animal is constructed by means of the point distribution model (PDM) technique. Later, that model is used in the searching process within each image, which is implemented using genetic algorithms (GAs). As a result of this stage, the vector of weights that describe the deviation of the given shape from the mean is obtained. This vector is used in the second stage, where a multilayer perceptron is trained to provide the desired assessment, using the scores given by experts for selected cows.The system has been tested with 138 images corresponding to 44 individuals of a special rustic breed, with very promising results, given that the information contained in only one view of the cow can not be considered complete.     

基于关键点存取的虚拟植物碰撞检测方法的研究

针对虚拟植物可视化模拟过程中的碰撞检测算法复杂等问题,提出了基于关键点存取的碰撞检测方法.该方法对植物生长特点进行分析,将要碰撞检测的植株进行关键生物点的提取和比较,采用邻接表的形式对关键点进行存储,使用深度优先遍历法进行查找.这种方式将有效减少关键点的比较数量,提高了碰撞检测速度.     

试析凯文·林奇在《城市意象》中是如何显现思维的存在并使之导向真实的

思维与对象的直接联系才能产生真实的发展与研究。为能显现思维的存在并使之导向真实,作者从思维的主体观察者和主体的观察对象环境两方面寻求着解决方法。     

Detection of head blight (Fusarium ssp.) in winter wheat by color and multispectral image analyses

The use of camera vision to automatically detect head blight (scab) on wheat ears could provide information about the severity of this dangerous disease and help meet future food traceability requirements. Fusarium spp. is dangerous for both human and animal consumption and the ability to monitor symptom location and severity before the harvested product is further processed or stored could help determine whether the grain is fit for human/animal consumption, for bio-conservation, or is completely unusable.To generate various infection levels, field trials were conducted in 2008 and 2009 using wheat varieties with differing levels of susceptibility to the disease; plots were artificially infected with a spore suspension. A color (red, green, and blue) and a multispectral (red, infrared) camera system with real-time image analysis software were developed and compared to detect disease symptoms in the plots.The chlorophyll defect of the infected wheat ears was classified against the image background by setting binarization thresholds. The result was a black and white image. Single pixels or tiny clusters of pixels not belonging to the symptoms were eliminated by setting an area threshold. For both systems, a linear correlation was found between the camera and the visually detected disease levels of the wheat ears in the plots.In the non-infected control plots without disease symptoms, the multispectral system accurately measured “no disease” even though the digital color system detected too much infection (i.e., a false positive). The multispectral system showed a superior calibration capacity. While the color system had to calibrate for each variety, the multispectral system used only one calibration step before starting the measurements.     

缺素桉树叶片图像特征提取研究

研究3种桉树无性系苗木在不同营养液中对砂培苗木3种叶片图像特征的影响.运用数字图像处理技术获得研究叶片的颜色特征、形态大小、形状等16个性状,利用主成分分析获得其叶片图像综合特征信息PC指标,并分析不同无性系、营养液、叶片类型对PC指标的影响.结果表明:不同因素水平均对其PC值产生显著差别,各因素主效应和交互效应均显著...     

基于生态学意义可视指标的乡村景观情景可视化评价

获得情景的关键就是辨识和归纳未来变化的方式、途径和关键要素,进而有的放矢地进行情景模拟。目前,一些研究开始通过增减某些关键景观要素来进行乡村景观情景可视化模拟,但还较少将基于生态学意义的可视景观指标运用到模拟的条件之中。本研究将基于生态学意义的可视景观指标应用到乡村景观情景可视化评价的情景设计之中。通过复杂性、自然性、开阔性、一致性和记忆表象5个可视景观指标的专家预期和基于GIS环境的客观分析,确定出不同情景的设计标准,并根据此标准生成原始现状景观、生态保护景观、集约生产景观和旅游休闲景观4个设计情景。通过当地居民、周边利益相关者以及在校学生对4个情景中的乡村景观进行评价,探讨了不同利益相关者对景观情景偏好的选择差异及影响因素。结果表明:参与者对集约生产景观情景普遍不感兴趣;越靠近当地的利益相关者对旅游休闲景观情景的偏好越强、对生态保护景观情景的偏好越弱;人们通过情景得到的感性认识和他们经过理性思考后的选择往往有差异,对景观主观判断上的差异很大程度来自于他们的个人生活背景。基于生态学意义的可视景观指标而构建的情景可视化对反映乡村景观变化、增强相关者决策与设计参与具有重要作用。     

南方稻麦轮作系统下小麦根系的三维分形特征

【目的】根构型直接影响作物的水肥吸收,而定量根构型的相关指标多局限于二维分析,缺乏有效的3D分析指标。论文探讨计算分析根构型3D特征的指标与操作方法,用于定量稻麦轮作制不同耕作方式对小麦根构型的影响。【方法】使用自制的根构型数字化仪,测取田间小麦根系的真实空间拓扑数据,获得根系构型的空间坐标。然后运用Matlab编程实现小麦根构型拓扑数据的虚拟重构,令虚拟根系再现实体根系的空间拓扑。结合分形理论与软件的计算分析功能对虚拟根构型进行分形维计算,分别获取3D分形维数、3D分形丰度、2D分形维数、2D平面分形丰度和单株总根长5个特征指标,以此表达小麦根构型在不同年度、不同耕作方式处理下的时空动态。同时建立不同年度及耕作处理下单株总根长动态与根构型3D分形维数、3D分形丰度、2D分形维数、2D平面分形丰度间的相关关系。【结果】研究发现随着作物生长期的变化,不同年份及不同耕作处理下的小麦根构型指标都表现出稳定增长的趋势。不同之处在于2010—2011年度的小麦根构型指标平稳增长,而2011—2012年度的根系生长速率变化较为剧烈。对比两个年度间的小麦根构型指标发现,免耕和旋耕两种耕作方式对小麦根构型的影响效果相反,在2010—2011年度,旋耕处理方式下的根系指标优于免耕处理方式,而在2011—2012年度,免耕处理方式下的根构型指标表现更优。对于作物生长前期(0—98 d)而言,年度变化引起的根构型指标差异显著大于耕作处理引起的差异,在作物生长后期(98—112 d),年度变化和耕作处理方式对小麦根构型指标的影响较为相近。对比小麦根构型的3D分形维指标和平面分形维指标发现,3D分形维明显区别于平面分形维,这表明根系的三维分形是根构型的必要分析指标。在不同的年度与耕作措施下,单株小麦的总根长与3D分形维数、3D分形丰度、2D分形维数、2D分形丰度都满足指数模型,且显著相关,说明年度因素和耕作措施仅是影响模型的常量参数项。【结论】由计算机软硬件结合分形理论构建的田间小麦根构型的可视化和定量化分析手段是实现小麦根构型精确分析的保证,该分析过程真实再现了田间小麦根构型的时空动态。3D分形指标可以准确定量作物根构型真实的时空动态,在进行根系生长策略的选择及根土关系优化时需要考虑到田间作物根系的实际生长条件和耕作制度。     

Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography-guided closure of a complicated patent ductus arteriosus in a dog

Advanced imaging modalities are becoming more widely available in veterinary cardiology, including the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs. The dog in this report had a complex history of attempted ligation and a large PDA that initially precluded device placement thereby limiting the options for PDA closure. Following a second thoracotomy and partial ligation, the morphology of the PDA was altered and device occlusion was an option. Angiographic assessment of the PDA was limited by the presence of hemoclips, and the direction of ductal flow related to the change in anatomy following ligature placement. Intra-operative TEE, in particular real-time three-dimensional imaging, was pivotal for assessing the PDA morphology, monitoring during the procedure, selecting the device size, and confirming device placement. The TEE images increased operator confidence that the size and location of the device were appropriate before release despite the unusual position. This report highlights the benefit of intra-operative TEE, in particular real-time three-dimensional imaging, for successful PDA occlusion in a complicated case.     

基于网络地理信息系统的林业资源统计数据可视化系统设计

针对传统林业资源统计数据多采用文字和表格等方式表达,其形式单一、可视化程度低,难以体现林业资源统计数据的空间分布特性等,文中提出构建基于网络地理信息系统（WebGIS）的林业资源统计数据可视化系统,介绍了该系统关键技术、设计方法、运行效果,并提出了系统发展与研究展望。该系统采用B/S模式下的3层架构:数据层存储了4年的世界森林资源统计数据和中国8次森林资源清查数据,并采用空间数据和属性数据分离存储的模式;后台服务层通过ArcGIS Server和Web Service相结合的方式为前端提供GeoJSON格式数据接口;前端页面层利用ArcGIS API for JavaScript实现具体模块。为提高可视化效果,采用Highcharts框架对数据进行图形化展示。该系统丰富了林业统计资源数据的可视化方式并有效表达出林业资源统计数据的空间分布性,提高了林业资源统计数据可视化程度。